All systematic reviews of social work interventions published since 1990. The database includes these review articles as well as the primary studies identified in the review articles. In the future the literature will be searched so as to include new review articles and their cited references.

This excludes specialized reviews of specific types of social work interventions (which are typically included in other databases such as the Cochrane and Campbell Collaboration libraries) and focuses only on those reviews examining social work intervention effectiveness in general or with a specific type of population. These reviews examine what is known as of the publication date about the overall effectiveness of social work intervention. The database includes these review articles as well as all of the primary studies identified in the review articles. In the future the literature will be searched so as to include new review articles and their cited references.

Ten review articles have been identified by the Advisory Committee for inclusion in the database together with the primary articles reporting studies examined in those 10 review articles. For ease of access the database links the 10 review articles to the studies examined in the review article.

10 General Reviews of Social Work Intervention Outcomes (arranged from most recent to earliest).

Review Article: Rizzo, V. M., & Rowe, J. M. (2006). Studies of the cost-effectiveness of social work services in aging: A review of the literature. Research on Social Work Practice, 16(1), 67-73.
Primary studies: 34 studies reported in 40 articles during the period 1987 to 2003.

Review Article: Reid, W. J., Kenaley, B. D., & Colvin, J. (2004). Do some interventions work better than others? - A review of comparative social work experiments. Social Work Research, 28(2), 71-81.
Primary studies: 39 studies published between 1990 and 2001.

Review Article: Reid, W. J., & Fortune, A. E. (2003). Empirical foundations for practice guidelines in current social work knowledge. In A. Rosen & E. K. Proctor (Eds.), Developing practice guidelines for social work intervention: Issues, methods, and research agenda. New York: Columbia University Press.
Primary studies: 130 studies reported between 1990 and 1999.

Review Article: Gorey, K. M., Thyer, B. A., & Pawluck, D. E. (1998). Differential effectiveness of prevalent social work practice models: A meta-analysis. Social Work, 43(3), 269-278.
Primary studies: 45 studies published between 1990 and 1994.

Review Article: Grenier, A. M., & Gorey, K. M. (1998). The effectiveness of social work with older people and their families: A meta-analysis of conference proceedings. Social Work Research, 22(1), 60-64.
Primary studies: 42 Gerontological Society of America conference abstracts from 1990 to 1996 Gerontologist.

Review Article: Gorey, K. M., Leslie, D. R., Morris, T., Carruthers, W. V., John, L., & Chacko, J. (1998). Effectiveness of case management with severely and persistently mentally ill people. Community Mental Health Journal, 34(3), 241-250.
Primary studies: 24 studies.

Review Article: Reid, W. J. (1997). Evaluating the dodo's verdict: Do all interventions have equivalent outcomes? Social Work Research, 21(1), 5-16.
Primary studies: 42 meta-analyses examined which examined psychosocial interventions.

Review Article: Gorey, K. M. (1996). Effectiveness of social work intervention research: Internal versus external evaluations. Social Work Research, 20(2), 119-128.
Primary studies: 88 studies published between 1990 and 1994.

Review Article: Macdonald, G. M., Sheldon, B., Gillespie, J. (1992). Contemporary studies of the effectiveness of social work. British Journal of Social Work, 22, 615-643.
Primary studies: 95 studies.

Review Article: de Smidt, G. A., Gorey K.M. (1997). Unpublished social work research: systematic replication of a recent meta-analysis of published intervention effectiveness research. Social Work Research, 21(1), 58-62.
Primary studies: 24 studies. (these unpublished studies will not be reviewed in the database)

Search Results:

Number retrieved from searches:	2103
Number of review articles included:	10
Number of primary studies plus search:	539
Number of studies included*:	399
Number of reviews in database:	116
The latest update search:	January 2009
*Duplicates removed and only published studies are included for review.

Campbell Collaboration Library including C2-RIPE and SPECTRs
Cochrane Library
Cinahl
Psycinfo
Medline - Pubmed
Socindex Fulltext
Sociological Collection

Cochrane
(evaluation or outcome$ or effective$ or "cost benefit analysis").ab,ti,sh,hw.
AND
("social work" or "social worker" or "social workers" or "social care").ab,ti,sh,hw.

Campbell collaboration
All reviews added in 2009 scanned, no additional studies.

Social Work Abstracts
(social work practice or social work or social workers or social work services or social work research).sh.
AND
meta analysis.sh. OR ((literature adj3 review) or systematic review).mp. [mp=title, abstract, subject heading, heading word]
AND
("cost effectiveness analysis" or "cost effectiveness").sh. OR (efficacy or effectiveness or efficiency).sh. OR outcomes.sh. OR (evaluation or effective$).mp. [mp=title, abstract, subject heading, heading word]

Cinahl
(MH "Social Work+") or (MH "Research, Social Work") or (MH "Social Work Practice") or (MH "Social Workers")
AND
(MH "Meta Analysis") or (MH "Literature Review+")
AND
(MH "Cost Benefit Analysis") or (MH "Clinical Effectiveness") or (MH "Treatment Outcomes") or (MH "Evaluation Research+") or evaluation or effective*

PsycInfo
(DE "Meta Analysis") or (DE "Literature Review") or systematic review
AND
(DE "Social Casework" OR DE "Social Group Work") or (DE "Social Workers" OR DE "Psychiatric Social Workers")
AND
(DE "Program Evaluation" OR DE "Educational Program Evaluation" OR DE "Mental Health Program Evaluation" or DE "Costs and Cost Analysis" OR DE "Budgets" OR DE "Health Care Costs") or (DE "Treatment Outcomes" OR DE "Psychotherapeutic Outcomes") or effective* or outcome*

Soc Index Fulltext and Sociological Collection
((DE "OUTCOME assessment (Social service)") or (DE "COST effectiveness")) or (DE "SOCIAL service -- Research" OR DE "EVALUATION research (Social action programs)") OR evaluation OR effective*
AND
(DE "SOCIAL service") or (DE "SOCIAL workers") (terms exploded)
AND
meta analysis or metaanalysis or systematic review or literature N3 review

PUBMED #79 Search ((#35) AND (#46)) AND (#76)
#78 Search ((#35) AND (#46)) AND (#76)
#76 Search ((#52) OR (#74)) OR (#75)
#75 Search outcome[tiab] OR outcomes[tiab] OR effective*[tiab]
#74 Search "Outcome Assessment (Health Care)"[Mesh] OR "Cost-Benefit Analysis"[Mesh]
#52 Search "Program Evaluation"[Mesh:NoExp] OR "Evaluation Studies as Topic"[Mesh:NoExp]
#46 Search ((#39) OR (#44)) OR (#45)
#45 Search social care
#44 Search social work[tiab] OR social worker[tiab] or social workers[tiab]
#39 Search "Social Work"[Mesh]
#35 Search (((#31) OR (#30)) OR (#33)) OR (#34)
#34 Search metaanalysis[tiab]
#33 Search meta-analysis[tiab]
#30 Search (("Review "[Publication Type] OR "Review Literature as Topic"[Mesh])) OR ("Meta-Analysis "[Publication Type] OR "Meta-Analysis as Topic"[Mesh])
#31 Search review[tiab] OR "systematic review"

The included studies are from the search results plus the 9 review articles and their published primary studies. Studies were excluded after review based upon the topic being irrelevant, the study not measuring an intervention, the study not including participants aged 65 and older, the study not being a research paper, or a primary study from the review article bibliography not being a published paper. Duplicates from the search and the review articles and their primary studies were removed.

Care Coordination can be defined as proactive, responsive, continuous, and consensual coordination of medical care, mental health, and social support services for an elder and family/caregivers. It is an assessment-based, interdisciplinary approach to integrating health care and social support services in which a care coordinator manages and monitors an individual's needs and preferences based on a comprehensive plan.

Search Results:

Number retrieved from searches:	4802
Number of accepted for review:	837
Number of reviews in database:	293
The latest update search:	March 16-18, 2010

Ageline
Campbell Collaboration Library including C2-RIPE and SPECTR
Cochrane Library
Cinahl
Psycinfo
Medline - Pubmed
Socindex Fulltext
Sociological Collection
Social Work Abstracts

The concepts searched were: care management; continuity of patient care; geriatric assessment; multidisciplinary care team; transition in care; discharge planning. The searches were limited to an elderly population, English language journal articles published after 1995, and research studies.

SocIndex and Sociological Collection
(care coordination or case management or care management or care provision or gem or "geriatric evaluation and management" or discharge planning or transition* N3 care or geriatric assessment)
AND
aged or elder* or older adults or older people or geriatric* or seniors
AND
(Qualitative Study OR Qualitative Analysis OR Content Analysis OR In-Depth Interview* OR Participant Observation OR focus group* OR
placebo*
OR
(single or double or triple or treble) and (blind* or mask*)
OR
(allocat* or assign* or divid*) and (condition* or experiment* or treatment* or control* or group*)
OR
(control* or clinic* or prospectiv*) and (trial* or study or studies)
OR
random* and (allocat* or assign* or divid* or trial or study or studies)
OR
research design
OR
(observation or case control or cohort or time series or comparative or non random* or cross over or cross-over or crossover ) and ( trial or survey or surveys or study or studies ) )

CAMPBELL
The database is manually scanned.

PSYCINFO
S68 S49 and S65 and S66
S67 S49 and S65 and S66
S49 aged or elder* or older adults or older people or geriatric* or seniors
S66 S53 or S60
S60 DE "Geriatric Assessment"
S53 care coordination or case management or care management or care provision
or gem or "geriatric evaluation and management" or discharge planning or transition* N3 care
S65 (S34 or S35 or S36 or S37 or S38 or S39 or S40 or S48)
S48 Qualitative Study OR Qualitative Analysis OR Content Analysis OR In-Depth
Interview* OR Participant Observation OR focus group*
S40 placebo*
S39 (single or double or triple or treble) and (blind* or mask*)
S38 (allocat* or assign* or divid*) and (condition* or experiment* or treatment* or control* or group*)
S37 (control* or clinic* or prospectiv*) and (trial* or study or studies)
S36 random* and (allocat* or assign* or divid* or trial or study or studies)
S35 research design
S34 ( observation or case control or cohort or time series or comparative or non random* or cross over or cross-over or crossover ) and ( trial or survey or surveys or study or studies )

AGELINE
(DE=((case management) or (discharge planning) or (needs assessment)) or DE=((service coordination) or (geriatric assessment) or (interdisciplinary team care)) or KW=(transition* within 3 care)) and (DE=((randomized controlled trials) or (controlled clinical trials) or surveys) or DE=((longitudinal studies) or (qualitative research) or (participant observation)) or DE=((focus groups) or ethnography or cohorts))

PUBMED
((#19) AND (#18)) AND (#16)
#20 Search ((#19) AND (#18)) AND (#16)
#19 Search ((((#15) OR (#14)) OR (#13)) OR (#12)) OR (#11)
#18 Search care coordination OR case management OR care management [tw] OR care provision OR gem OR "geriatric evaluation and management" OR geriatric assessment [mesh] OR discharge planning OR (transition*[tw] AND care[tw])
#16 Search ((intervention OR interventions) AND (psychological OR psychologic OR psychosocial OR social)) OR ("social work"[MeSH Terms] OR social work[Text Word]) OR (social[All Fields] AND care[All Fields])
#15 Search placebo OR placebos
#14 Search "Empirical Research"[Mesh] OR "Epidemiologic Studies"[Mesh]
#13 Search (single[tw] OR double[tw] OR treble[tw] OR triple[tw]) AND (mask*[tw] OR blind*[tw])
#12 Search "Clinical Trials as topic"[Mesh] OR "Research Design"[Mesh] OR "Randomized Controlled Trial "[Publication Type] OR "Clinical Trial "[Publication Type]
#11 Search Qualitative Study OR Qualitative Analysis OR Content Analysis OR In-Depth Interview* OR Participant Observation OR focus group*

CINAHL
S6 S4 and S3
S5 S4 and S3
S4 S2 or S1
S3 (MH "Study Design+")
S2 transition* N3 care or transition* N3 read*
S1 (MH "Case Management") or (MH "Continuity of Patient Care+") or (MH "Geriatric Assessment+") or (MH "Multidisciplinary Care Team+") or (MH "Transfer, Discharge")

COCHRANE
27. 11 and 26
26. 25 or 12
12. 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10
25. (geriatric adj assessment).ab,ti,sh
11. 1 or 2 1. (aged or elder$ or geriatric$ or senior$).ti,ab,sh.
2. ((older adj adults) or (older adj people)).ti,ab,sh.
3. (Care adj3 coordination).ti,ab,sh.
4. (case adj3 management).ti,ab,sh.
5. (care adj3 management).ti,ab,sh.
6. (care adj3 provision).ti,ab,sh.
7. (gem or "geriatric evaluation and management").ti,ab,sh.
8. (geriatric adj3 evaluation).ti,ab,sh.
9. discharge plan$.ti,ab,sh.
10. (transition$ adj3 care).ti,ab,sh.

SWAbstracts not searched after October 2009.

1. The article must report on an outcome of a Care Coordination intervention.
   
   The study must contain 1 Type of CC from B and all of the Components of Care Coordination from C to be accepted for review.
   
   
2. The study must involve Care Coordination, as defined above, and be described as 1 of the following Types:
   
   Case Management
   Care Management/Disease Management
   Care Coordination
   Transition in care services
   Transfer or discharge planning
   Patient Centered Medical Home
   
   
3. The study must contain all of these Components of Care Coordination:
   
   Coordination of health care and social support services
   Actions are based on an individualized comprehensive plan
   An individual or a team manages and/or monitors the plan
   
   
4. The study may, or may not, include the following components:
   
   Assessment based
   Multi-disciplinary approach
   
   
5. The study must include participants (those reported in the article who are receiving the intervention) who are 65 years of age or older. If the participant population is younger than 65 years of age but the care coordination intervention is particularly insightful then you may include the study.
   
   
6. The study must be published in a journal between the years 1995 and the present.
   
   
7. The study must be published in English.
   

OR

Include because the article offers the following unique information relating to the topic (state reason):

Exclude because the article does not meet the criteria listed above or because of another reason as follows:

Case Management: Method designed to accommodate the specific health services needed by an individual through a coordinated effort to achieve the desired health outcome in a cost effective manner. The monitoring and coordination of treatment rendered to patients with specific diagnosis or requiring high-cost or extensive services. The process by which all health-related matters of a case are managed by a physician, nurse, or designated health professional. Physician case managers coordinate designated components of health care, such as appropriate referral to consultants, specialists, hospitals, ancillary providers and services. Case management is intended to ensure continuity of services and accessibility to overcome rigidity, fragmented services, and the misutilization of facilities and resources. It also attempts to match the appropriate intensity of services with the patient's needs over time. (PMS)

Care Management/Disease Management: A set of activities which assures that every person served by the system has a single approved care (service) plan that is coordinated, not duplicative, and designed to assure cost effective and good outcomes. Initial and continuing authorizations are generated by care coordinators.

Care Management/Disease Management: Disease management is defined as a system of coordinated health care interventions and communications for populations with conditions in which patient self-care efforts are significant. It is the process of reducing healthcare costs and/or improving quality of life for individuals by preventing or minimizing the effects of a disease, usually a chronic condition, through integrative care. (DMMA, CBM)

Care Coordination: Care Coordination can be defined as proactive, responsive, continuous, and consensual coordination of medical care, mental health, and social support services for an elder and family/caregivers. It is an assessment-based, interdisciplinary approach to integrating health care and social support services in which a care coordinator manages and monitors an individual's needs and preferences based on a comprehensive plan.

Transition in care services: Care coordination and communication when patients are transferred from one level of care to another. Transitions in care include a patient moving from primary care to specialty physicians; within the hospital it would include patients moving from the emergency department to various departments, such as surgery or intensive care; or when patients are discharged from the hospital and go home, into an assisted living arrangements or into a skilled nursing facility. (NTOCC)

Transfer or discharge planning: The activities that facilitate a patient's movement from one health care setting to another, or to home. It is a multidisciplinary process involving physicians, nurses, social workers, and possibly other health professionals; its goal is to enhance continuity of care. It begins on admission. (Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 2009)

Patient Centered Medical Home: A Patient Centered Medical Home is a health care setting that facilitates partnerships between individual patients, and their personal physicians, and when appropriate, the patient's family. Care is facilitated by registries, information technology, health information exchange and other means to assure that patients get the indicated care when and where they need and want it in a culturally and linguistically appropriate manner. (NCQA)

Coordination of health care and social support services: This includes coordination of such entities as: medical, psychosocial, community support services, financial services. It involves a patient oriented direct team approach that is outcomes focused with the process designed to facilitate the provision of comprehensive health promotion, ensure ongoing proactive, planned care, and use of effective communication strategies among patient, family, institution, specialists, and community professionals.

Actions are based on an individualized comprehensive plan: A care plan is a written statement developed for an entitled person/s which states the nursing and other interventions to be undertaken, the health outcomes to be achieved and the review of care which will occur at regular intervals. (dva.gov)

An individual or a team manages and/or monitors the plan: The individual could be a Social Worker, Nurse, Nurse Practitioner, Physician)

Assessment based: Comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) is a multidimensional, interdisciplinary diagnostic process to determine the medical, psychological, and functional capabilities of a frail elderly person in order to develop a coordinated and integrated plan for treatment and long-term follow-up. While integrating standard medical diagnostic evaluation, CGA emphasizes quality of life and functional status, prognosis, and outcome that entails a workup of more depth and breadth. Thus, the hallmarks of CGA are the employment of interdisciplinary teams and the use of any number of standardized instruments to evaluate aspects of patient functioning, impairments, and social supports. (Medscape)

Interdisciplinary approach: Drawing from or characterized by participation of two or more fields of study. (Medical and Social Sciences)

The following is a partial list of coordinators that may be cited in a study.

Clinical Resource Manger
RN Case Manager
Nurse Care Manager
Health Coordinator
Care Manager
Health Care Integrator
Service Coordinator
Individual Care Coordinator
Care Coordinator

Research question	Clinical interventions
Hypothesis	Person(s) who performed the intervention
Study methodology	Randomization
Study topics	Random sequence generation
Sample Size	Allocation concealment
Age	Implementation
Gender	Blinding/masking
Primary racial/ethnic group	Participant number
Recruitment strategy	Participant flow chart
Research method	Recruitment period
Methods of participant assignment	Follow-up period
Country were sample was studied	Adverse events
Service Setting	Findings: Effective and associated statistics
Community setting	Findings: Ineffective and associated statistics
Standardized Tool/Instrument	Conclusions
Primary outcomes: Individual	Study limitations
Primary outcomes: Program	Reviewer notes
Common interventions

Research question	Study topics
Hypothesis	Types of synthesis
Study methodology	Age
Gender	Register searches
Primary racial/ethnic group	Internet searches
Recruitment strategy	Reference list searches
Research method	Search terms
Language	Quality filters
Other inclusion criteria	Number of studies retrieved and included
Search strategies	Findings with associated statistics
Search periods	Conclusions
Databases searched	Study limitations
Grey literature Search	Reviewer notes

Step 1: Develop a topic question

Step 2: Identify the search concepts

Step 3: Select databases and construct search strategies

Step 4: Perform searches

Step 5: Manage and filter the search results

Step 6: Assess the search results

Step 7: Review and record the studies using content analysis

Step 8: Disseminate the results

Step 9: Evaluate the work